“The Hare With Amber Eyes: A Hidden Inheritance” by Edmund de Waal – The Stories that Objects Tell

This is my review of The Hare With Amber Eyes: A Hidden Inheritance by Edmund de Waal.

I read this out of curiosity as to why it is so popular, plus I was intrigued to know more about the fabulously wealthy Ephrussi banking dynasty, after seeing pictures of their beautiful former palace in the south of France.

At first, I enjoyed de Waal’s disjointed approach to piecing together of the details of his forbears’ lives, although his aim is never quite clear, even to him on his own admission towards the end of the book. He is specific about not wanting “to get into the sepia saga business..some elegiac Mitteleuropa narrative of loss” but I am not sure he totally succeeds in this. The characters often seem quite shadowy and thin, perhaps because, as a minimalist artist, De Waal is really more interested in objects.

His love for the netsuke, skilful Japanese carvings of everyday objects, plants and creatures, comes through strongly and I came to appreciate the way they form a constant factor, holding the shifting events together.

However, I nearly gave up on the book in the descriptions of great-great-uncle Charles’s collections of paintings and artifacts. It was not just a revulsion over all this acquisitiveness, although I admit that many beautiful objects would never be made without the rich benefactors to commission them. I also felt an idiot reading about paintings and the feel of tactile objects which I could not even see. Then I came across the anecdote about the tortoise whose shell was encrusted with jewels so that it could alter the appearance of a Persian carpet as it crawled across it. This inspired me to press on – I hit on the idea of downloading from “Google Images” copies of all the paintings referred to, to read in conjunction with the descriptions. This made all the difference so it is a pity the publishers did not see fit to include such pictures in the book – but they’ve achieved a bestseller without this, of course!

I thought that the escape of the author’s grandparents, with the patriarch Viktor, to the cosy world of Tunbridge Wells would haunt me less than the tales of the grimmer fate of many humbler Jewish families. However, it is moving to imagine Viktor investing loyally in Austria, only to have his house vandalised and to be deprived brusquely of all his possessions – then to be left in a state of limbo, in which his broken wife probably committed suicide.

Although the book rambles off in a rather protracted conclusion – it seems as if it could go on for ever, overall it is an unusual and thought-provoking take on the stories that objects tell.

⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 Stars


The Hare With Amber Eyes: A Hidden Inheritance
 

“Bismarck: A Life” by Jonathan Steinberg – Blood and Irony

This is my review of Bismarck: A Life by Jonathan Steinberg.

This is an intriguing study of a leader – part “charismatic” charmer, part ruthless monster. Bismarck is brought to life through hundreds of quotations from a wide variety of politicians and socialites who knew him. Their names alone make fascinating reading: Johann Bernard Graf von Reckburg und Rothenlöwen, for instance. Bismarck’s own memoirs are quite revealing. In his youth he wrote in a witty and self-deprecating style – his account of a train journey with young children and a wife too embarrassed to breastfeed her howling baby could have been written yesterday.

Bismarck achieved the unification of the German States, and broke free from the dominance of the old Austrian Empire. He introduced a state-funded social security system a quarter of a century before Lloyd George managed it in Britain. Personally brave, yet aggressive and a bully, he was prepared to destroy those who challenged him, even old friends. An arch-manipulator who conducted domestic and foreign policy – realpolitik- like a chess or poker game which he had to win, he seemed to have a low boredom threshold and could not help experimenting with ideas – often quite visionary- to pass the time.

A man of contradictions, he persecuted the catholics when it suited him politically, and was often crudely anti-semitic – but he employed a Jewish banker to manage his investments, and remembered with nostalgia his late-night political discussions with the Jewish socialist Lasselle.

Despite his apparently despotic power and undeniable influence, he remained totally dependent on the support of the Prussian King whom he made into an Emperor, with whom he maintained a complex emotional relationship spanning several decades. When William 1 thwarted him, Bismarck often threatened to resign, relying on the knowledge that the Emperor needed him: the strain triggered frequent bouts of debilitating – probably largely psychosomatic – illness, aggravated by monumental gluttony. Eventually, the young “Kaiser Bill” sacked him. Would Bismarck have become a Stalin if not constrained by the role of servant to a succession of royal masters?

Branded from youth “the mad Junker”, he lost his sense of proportion under the weight of work he assumed, a classic example of the costs of an inability to delegate, and with age he became ever more vindictive and in need of anger management training.

Although I would give this five stars for – slightly repetitive- analysis of a complex personality, a few points frustrated me. The index is largely based on the names of the key characters, so it is impossible to look up quickly a specific event or topic of which you may need to remind yourself. Even the list of names seems incomplete. I could not find Lasselle in the index, although he has a short but important section in the text. Another anomaly is that William 1, who ruled for decades, gets a much shorter list of entries than his son, Frederick III who only actually ruled for a few months in 1888. Some minor characters are described in such detail that they distract you from the overall chain of events being covered. I found the details of some of the diplomatic activities and important pieces of domestic legislation similarly hard to grasp, and wondered how thoroughly some of this has been edited.

However, for the overall portrayal of Bismarck’s character and an explanation of the “unintended consequences” which led to the First World War and the rise of Hitler, I recommend this book, perhaps supported by a more basic history of the period, such as Modern Europe, 1789-1989 (Koenigsberger and Briggs History of Europe) by Asa Briggs and Patricia Clavin, 1996.

⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 Stars


Bismarck: A Life
 

“The Radetsky March” by Joseph Roth – A Neglected Masterpiece

This is my review of Radetzky March by Joseph Roth.

I was pleased to discover via a book group this subtle, gently ironic and nostalgic evocation of the last decades of the decaying Austro-Hungarian Empire.

The Slovenian peasant Trotta, who has achieved the rank of lieutenant, becomes the hero of the Battle of Solferino and is ennobled after pushing the young Emperor Franz Josef out of the enemy’s line of fire. His son is given an easy path into the role of District Commissioner, which he performs with an unquestioning adherence to routine. He is too uptight to express his love for his son, the hapless Carl Joseph. The realisation of this comes almost too late, triggered by the knowledge that the “this world is ending”: his protector the Emperor is near death, and his Empire is destined to fail under its failure to adapt to the pressures for change.

“How simple the world has always appeared…For every situation there was a prescribed attitude. When the boy came home for the holidays, you gave him a test. When he became a lieutenant, you congratulated him. When he wrote his dutiful letters which said so little, you wrote him a couple of measured sentences back. But what did you do when your son was drunk? When he cried `Father’? Or something in him cried ‘Father’?”

Trained from early childhood for the military career to which he is ill-suited, the grandson of “The Hero of Solferino” feels the weight of his destiny but proves to be a sensitive, indecisive man who inadvertently brings misfortune to others, although the remote figure of the Emperor can be relied to bale him out of the worst consequences of his actions – until the old man dies and the First World War breaks out.

Although I have never been to Vienna, Roth created for me vivid images of the old city, together with the atmosphere of the military barracks – you can understand only too well why young men were driven to drink, gambling and reckless duels by the endless prospect of waiting for a battle to fight. I particularly liked Roth’s description of the landscapes of the eastern borders with Russia, the back of beyond to which Carl Joseph is consigned – the frogs croaking in the swamps, in which willows mark the only safe path, and the closely observed changing colours of the sky. Here at last, Carl Joseph finally regains his peasant roots and feel at ease with himself.

At first I thought I had found an East European Trollope with earnest traces of Middlemarch. Then I saw that Roth was born only 20 years before the First World War, and lived on to see its carnage, the Depression of the 20s and the rise of Hitler. So there is C20 frankness and bleakness to Roth’s writing, beautifully translated by Michael Hofman. Roth himself had a tragic life, as a Jew who was forced to leave Germany, married a wife who became a schizophrenic, and who died an impoverished alcoholic in Paris.

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 5 Stars


Radetzky March
 

Lest we forget

This is my review of Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin by Timothy Snyder.

"The Bloodlands" are the areas of western Russia, the Ukraine, Poland, Belarus and the Baltic States (like Lithuania) where 14 million people were starved, shot or gassed as part of Stalin's and Hitler's inhuman policies in the period 1933-1945.

You may avoid some confusion by reading first the final short sections "Numbers and Terms" and "Abstract". When reading the main text, I often felt uneasy when trying to grasp to which area or time period a specific gruesome statistic applied. I appreciate that Snyder needs to be accurate for academic reasons, but his obsession with numbers, which are not always expressed very clearly, soon becomes oppressive.

Surely, the main point is that the death toll was appalling whatever the precise figures involved, and one's sole justifiable motivation for reading the book is to gain a better understanding of how and why these terrible things happened, partly so that one will judge more clearly and not slip blindly into being part of the same kind of mad folly.

Again with academic reputation in mind, Snyder labours to provide theories to compare and contrast the various types of horror perpetrated by Hitler and Stalin. However, I often found these arguments quite opaque, in a text that is generally rather long-winded and repetitive.

I hoped for more insights in the final conclusion but was frustrated with such sentences as "Grossman (a novelist of the period) extracted the victims from the cacophony of the century and made their voices audible within the unending polemic" – sounds great, but what does it really mean? I could cite many further examples of windy rhetoric.

The events speak for themselves – the Ukrainian peasants forced to meet impossible quotas, even when it meant parting up with their seed corn, those who survived only because they were prepared to resort to cannibalism when weaker relatives died, Jewish "collaborators" forced to collect up and burn the bodies in the Warsaw ghetto, only to be shot and thrown on the fires themselves. These events do not need to be wrapped up in waffling verbiage, although I would have found it useful to know more about theories on the psychology of crazy leaders and the misguided people who follow them and about the economic and social conditions which led to some of the policies pursued.

Despite this, "Bloodlands" is informative e.g on Stalin's attempts to collectivise the peasants of the Ukraine, the difference between the German concentration camps and grimmer "extermination facilities" often "hidden" from western eyes behind what became "the Iron Curtain", and the shifting occupation of Poland, for a time even split between the Germans and the Russians. "Bloodlands" makes sobering reading (for which I have given it four stars) but could have been better written with more lucid analysis.

⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 Stars

Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin

The severed finger points

This is my review of The Devil’s Star: A Harry Hole thriller (Oslo Sequence 3) by Jo Nesbo.

I have a weakness for crime fiction and wanted to find out why Jo Nesbo has attracted so much attention. Devil's Star happened to be available, so I hope that it does not matter unduly not to have started at the beginning of the Detective Harry Hole saga with "The Redbreast".

This story has two interwoven threads. The main one is the tracking down of a serial killer with a sinister line in carved pentagrams, star-shaped blood diamonds and severed fingers. The second thread is Harry's obsession with the unmasking of a corrupt colleague.

The Norwegian setting interested me – I had not realised that Oslo can get so hot and humid in summer. The pace is quite fast and I did not mind what some have called the disjointed approach, although switching "points of view" means that one becomes less "emotionally engaged" with any one character.

The plot is ingenious, sown with clues which become apparent in due course, and the occasional red herring. It is reasonably watertight (no joke intended since a waterbed plays a part) although the details of the serial killings and some of the more dramatic scenes are often somewhat implausible. The story is genuinely exciting in places – will a major initiative to foil a murder and catch the killer succeed or how on earth will Harry Hole survive to feature in the next adventure.

The quality of some of the writing is good e.g. of the drunken Harry Hole smashing a church door, or the psychiatrist explaining the mind of a serial killer. Other passages struck me as slipshod – this may be due to the translator not having an ear for fiction.

I sometimes felt that we are not meant to take the story too seriously anyway, plus some of the details are frankly disgusting and probably included for sensational effect. These will be minus factors for some people.

What bothered me most was that the interesting second thread of Harry's relationship with his corrupt rival Waaler is not developed as fully and well as it could have been.

Overall, this is a good example of effective pot-boiler fiction to read on a train with an eye open for the next stop, but falls short of "great crime writing".

⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 Stars

The Devil’s Star: A Harry Hole thriller (Oslo Sequence 3)

Impressive translation of memorable and insightful river of prose

This is my review of Austerlitz (Penguin Essentials) by W. G. Sebald.

I would not have thought of reading a book with no paragraphs and few full stops if I had not been intrigued to understand what made "Austerlitz" so talked about when it was first published.

From the outset, I was carried along by the hypnotic power of the great wave of prose which describes the anonymous narrator's occasional, usually chance visits in railway stations or cafes with the eccentric loner, Jacques Austerlitz. I was also very taken with the strange, dark little photographs embedded into the text to illustrate certain points – these are meant to be part of Austerlitz's collection, but must have been acquired somehow from many sources by the author and the story adjusted to include them.

A lecturer in art history, Austerlitz launches into lengthy monologues without any sense that he might be boring his audience to death, which means that you need to have an interest in architecture to get through the opening pages. Realising that the narrator is the best listener he will ever find, Austerlitz proceeds to recount his odd, and rather sad childhood in Wales, as what turns out to be the fostered son of a fanatical clergyman and his wan wife. In the very striking descriptions of the Welsh countryside -like a Turner landscape in words, I began to see the author's power.

It is gradually revealed that Austerlitz was brought to Britain on the "Kindertransport" to escape the Nazis. After years of repressing his early memories, he realises that he has also avoided close emotional relationships with anyone, and feels a compelling need to trace his family, find out what befell his parents and see the places where he lived before his life was ripped apart by the Nazis. Some of the most moving passages cover his "detective work", meeting with his former "nanny" and recognition of places he must have seen before.

This novel is certainly original. It cannot be judged by normal standards in that plot is of no interest to Sebald. Although the stream of consciousness always makes perfect sense, passing impressions – such as the resemblance to strange landscapes of the shadows on a wall – are deliberately given more weight than significant events. Significant friendships are only implied in Austerlitz's emotionally stunted, autistic world – yet he can unburden himself to a near-stranger. The author is keen to convey his theory that time is not linear in our minds – in some atmospheric places – say, an old courtyard – one may experience now the time of a past age, and so on.

At times, I felt overwhelmed by the self-indulgent excess of some of the author's "verbal digressions". I found that I could only cope with a few pages at a time. There being no chapters to provide natural breaks, it was frustrating to have to put the book down mid-sentence because one could not bear to plough on to the next full stop, several pages further on.

I also wondered if the device of the narrator was necessary or even desirable, leading as it often did to the clunky "and so, as X told him, Austerlitz said….".

The sudden and arbitrary ending – making the point that the rambling account could have gone on for ever, also left me feeling flat and a little disappointed.

Overall, this is probably a flawed masterpiece. I did not need it to inform me of the horror of the Holocaust, but it makes an effective contribution to the body of work which reminds people of what no one should ever forget.

⭐⭐⭐⭐ 4 Stars

Austerlitz (Penguin Essentials)

Compulsive Entertainment

This is my review of Spiral – Series 2 [DVD].

The second series of this fast-moving, dramatic Parisian police thriller with its complex "cogs spinning cogs" plot seems to me to be superior to the first, since the main plotline is more substantial, there are fewer distracting "side stories" and the end is more conclusive and less of a "damp squib".

This is very well acted, down to the smallest gesture or passing expression. The actors all seem to have distinctive faces to match them to their parts: the dedicated but often impulsive and reckless Capitaine Laure Berthaud, the suave Vice-Procurator Pierre Clement, the wily Judge Roban, the beautiful lawyer Josephine, who sells her soul for money to the corrupt senior advocate Szabo, and so on. The characters are very well-developed and convincing in their complex behaviour – the criminals often have redeeming features, while those trying to track them down are prey to ambition, hypocrisy, greed, bias or lack of self control – in short, human nature warts and all.

Although the storyline, based on drug dealing in the tight-knit Arab community, is often sordid and I hope the police methods of investigation are exaggerated, every episode is always compulsive watching throughout. The details of the French legal system are a bit hard to follow, but you can grasp the general idea. You also get a good insight into life in some of the immigrant communities in Paris.

I watched a version with French sub-titles which is good practice for an English speaker but hard going. I have certainly learned a good deal of slang I can never use on holiday in France! Since then I have watched a 2 DVD version with English subtitles – also good. but you have to read fast!

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 5 Stars

Spiral – Series 2 [DVD]

Less is More – Minimalist Music in Words

This is my review of A Life’s Music by Andreï Makine,Andrei Makine.

With little in the way of plot – although it manages to build up quite a head of tension at times – , scant character development or dialogue – although it builds up clear impressions of most of the characters in only a few words- , this novella is a clear example of "less is more": it is more moving and insightful than many longer works in its portrayal of how human lives were damaged and destroyed by Stalin's Reign of Terror.

Alexei, on the brink of a career as a concert pianist, is warned by chance that the police have come for his parents. By chance, he assumes the false identity of a dead soldier and this sets a pattern for the random events which set him back at some points, but help him to survive at others.

Since this book is so short, you can concentrate on every word.

An example of the writer's insight on how self aware people in terrible situations may feel the delusion of being set apart from the crowd because they can analyse what is going on:

"I can put a name to our human condition and therefore escape from it. The frail human reed, that knows what it is and therefore….'Hah, that old hypocritical device of the intelligentisia'…"

A comment on what this book is all about:

"In this life there should be a key, a code for expressing in concise and unambiguous terms, all the complexity of our attempts, so natural and so grievously confused, at living and loving."

Or just a very apt and original description – which must also owe something to the excellent translation:

"In the frozen air the aggressive acidity of the big city stings the nostrils."

My only reservation is the device of having an anonymous narrator – who hardly seems necessary – introducing the idea of "longsuffering Soviet man" and describing the context of his meeting with Andrei, in chapters which "book-end" Andrei's account of his life.

I was interested to see that this was written originally in – and presumably translated directly from – French, although the author is Russian. I shall certainly look out for more of his work.

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 5 Stars

A Life’s Music

Would have liked a wider survey

This is my review of Map of a Nation: A Biography of the Ordnance Survey by Rachel Hewitt.

I agree with the view that this is a (no doubt precociously shrewd) cashing in on a PhD thesis. The author really should have brought this history of the Ordnance Survey up to date with recent developments in map-making. I also found the links to Enlightenment thought and poetry inspired by the British landscape too waffly.

⭐⭐ 2 Stars

Map of a Nation: A Biography of the Ordnance Survey

“Brilliant and maddening” – I’d like to give 6 stars

This is my review of Tolstoy: A Russian Life by Rosamund Bartlett.

I don't know why this biography is described on the back cover as "unorthodox" unless it is because of the author's frank, but very well supported criticisms of Tolstoy.

It is a relief to find a biography of a widely revered writer which reveals him warts and all. I was intrigued to read that the author finds Tolstoy an unappealing young man, sanctimoniously writing over-ambitious lists of worthy resolutions, only to spend a few days in prison for failure to attend lectures, or weeks in a clinic to be treated for venereal disease.

When a young man, he was forced to sell villages along with serfs to pay for his gambling debts, and then used some of proceeds together with bail-outs from long-suffering friends, to lose still more money.

He is portrayed as promiscuous – apparently quite common for wealthy young men of his day – controlling, for instance of the long-suffering wife who was a teenager, half his age, when he married her, and very opinionated, prone to falling out with friends – once, he even challenged his friend Turgenev to a duel.

It is interesting to learn that Tolstoy cared more for his "ABC" primer for children than his most famous novels. Although he spent many months researching them and trying out different plots, he was bored with "War and Peace" before it was finished, and struggled with "Anna Karenina" which became for him, a "banal.. bitter radish".

As his social conscience developed, Tolstoy tried to free his serfs, only to discover that they mistrusted his intentions and refused to cooperate. Then, he was one of the first to found a school for his serfs' children. It was remarkably child-centred for its day. Yet, he left it after only a few matter of months to research educational practice in Europe, then closed it down completely in order to move on to other interests. This kind of flitting from one obsession to another was typical. To be fair, from the age of 7 X 7 = 49 (he was very superstitious), he was consistent in his attempt to lead an ethical life, passing through the phases of "religious maniac" to "Holy Fool". Tolstoy's run-ins with the ludicrous censor make fascinating reading. Eventually, he was excommunicated for his inflammatory writing in an extraordinary procedure in which he was declared "anathema" but this only aroused yet more interest in him, by then far more popular than the Tsar.

We are told that the only reason the Tsar did not consign the outspoken Tolstoy to a remote monastery in later life was because he did not want to give him the oxygen of the publicity.

Even Tolstoy ceased to deny, in fact came to revel in, his weaknesses which included self-absorption and insensitivity, in particular to the wife ground down by childbearing, domesticity and isolation in the countryside, with whom he vainly tried to practise "sexual abstinence" but totally refused to use contraception. Yet he was a visionary thinker, genuinely concerned with inequality and the meaning of life and possessed a rash courage. It is interesting to speculate what would have happened to this pugnacious individualist if he had been born into a poor family.

Although the book sometimes gives too much space to minor details – such as which relatives came for Christmas one year – it is mostly very clear and readable – not only concerning how Tolstoy produced his books – with his wife copying out "War and Peace" several times by hand – and the complexity of his personality but also in bringing to life C19 Russia in a period of dramatic change.

The author raises the intriguing question of the extent to which Tolstoy's anarchic views triggered revolution. She highlights the sad irony of the speed with which the Bolsheviks adopted a schizophrenic approach – revering Tolstoy's novels whilst condemning his anarchic views and persecuting his followers even more fiercely than the Tsar's regime had done. How would Tolstoy have reacted to Stalinism? As the author suggests, he would no doubt have been promptly shot.

⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ 5 Stars

Tolstoy: A Russian Life